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<main>
<h1 id="network-customization"><a class="header" href="#network-customization">Network customization</a></h1>
<h2 id="introduction"><a class="header" href="#introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
<p>In the previous chapter, we wrote a simulation script for a simple Ethernet network. In this chapter, we will discuss how to customize it using the attributes of the different classes used.</p>
<h2 id="attributes-in-ns-3"><a class="header" href="#attributes-in-ns-3">Attributes in ns-3</a></h2>
<p>To organize access and configuration of instantiated object parameters, ns-3 uses its own attribute system.</p>
<p>In the previous chapter, we already implemented this overlay using the “SetAttribute()” function to configure the application. This function has two arguments. The first is a string corresponding to the name of the attribute to be changed. The second is the value to be assigned to this attribute.</p>
<p>The various attributes available for each object are visible in the C++ implementation of each object. Here is an example of the EthernetChannel object described in contrib/ethernet/model/ethernet-channel.cc.</p>
<pre><code class="language-c++">TypeId
EthernetChannel::GetTypeId()
{
static TypeId tid =
TypeId("ns3::EthernetChannel")
.SetParent&lt;Channel&gt;()
.SetGroupName("Ethernet")
.AddConstructor&lt;EthernetChannel&gt;()
.AddAttribute("Delay",
"Propagation delay through the channel",
TimeValue(NanoSeconds(25)),
MakeTimeAccessor(&amp;EthernetChannel::m_delay),
MakeTimeChecker())
.AddTraceSource("TxRxEthernet",
"Trace source indicating transmission of packet "
"from the EthernetChannel, used by the Animation "
"interface.",
MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&amp;EthernetChannel::m_txrxEthernet),
"ns3::EthernetChannel::TxRxAnimationCallback");
return tid;
}
</code></pre>
<p>We can see that this object has only one attribute called Delay, which allows you to configure the propagation delay. It is of type Time and has a default value of 25ns.</p>
<p>Thus, it is possible to configure the propagation delay in the previous simulation script as follows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-c++"> [...]
//Create Ethernet Channels and connect switch to the end-stations
Ptr&lt;EthernetChannel&gt; channel0 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetChannel&gt;();
channel0-&gt;SetAttribute("Delay", TimeValue(NanoSeconds(50)));
net0-&gt;Attach(channel0);
swnet0-&gt;Attach(channel0);
Ptr&lt;EthernetChannel&gt; channel1 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetChannel&gt;();
channel1-&gt;SetAttribute("Delay", TimeValue(NanoSeconds(75)));
net1-&gt;Attach(channel1);
swnet1-&gt;Attach(channel1);
Ptr&lt;EthernetChannel&gt; channel2 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetChannel&gt;();
channel2-&gt;SetAttribute("Delay", TimeValue(NanoSeconds(100)));
net2-&gt;Attach(channel2);
swnet2-&gt;Attach(channel2);
[...]
</code></pre>
<h2 id="common-attributes"><a class="header" href="#common-attributes">Common attributes</a></h2>
<p>Here are examples of the attributes most often used in Ethernet network simulations.</p>
<pre><code class="language-c++">[...]
//Create and add a netDevice to each end-station node
Ptr&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt; net0 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt;();
net0-&gt;SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("100Mb/s")));
n0-&gt;AddDevice(net0);
Names::Add("ES1#01", net0);
Ptr&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt; net1 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt;();
net1-&gt;SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("100Mb/s")));
n1-&gt;AddDevice(net1);
Names::Add("ES2#01", net1);
Ptr&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt; net2 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt;();
net2-&gt;SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("100Mb/s")));
n2-&gt;AddDevice(net2);
Names::Add("ES3#01", net2);
//Create and add a netDevice to each switch port
Ptr&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt; swnet0 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt;();
swnet0-&gt;SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("100Mb/s")));
n3-&gt;AddDevice(swnet0);
Names::Add("SW#01", swnet0);
Ptr&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt; swnet1 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt;();
swnet1-&gt;SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("100Mb/s")));
n3-&gt;AddDevice(swnet1);
Names::Add("SW#02", swnet1);
Ptr&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt; swnet2 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt;();
swnet2-&gt;SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("100Mb/s")));
n3-&gt;AddDevice(swnet2);
Names::Add("SW#03", swnet2);
[...]
//Create Ethernet Channels and connect switch to the end-stations
Ptr&lt;EthernetChannel&gt; channel0 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetChannel&gt;();
channel0-&gt;SetAttribute("Delay", TimeValue(NanoSeconds(50)));
net0-&gt;Attach(channel0);
swnet0-&gt;Attach(channel0);
Ptr&lt;EthernetChannel&gt; channel1 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetChannel&gt;();
channel1-&gt;SetAttribute("Delay", TimeValue(NanoSeconds(75)));
net1-&gt;Attach(channel1);
swnet1-&gt;Attach(channel1);
Ptr&lt;EthernetChannel&gt; channel2 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetChannel&gt;();
channel2-&gt;SetAttribute("Delay", TimeValue(NanoSeconds(100)));
net2-&gt;Attach(channel2);
swnet2-&gt;Attach(channel2);
[...]
//Create and add a switch net device to the switch node
Ptr&lt;SwitchNetDevice&gt; sw = CreateObject&lt;SwitchNetDevice&gt;();
sw-&gt;SetAttribute("MinForwardingLatency", TimeValue(MicroSeconds(2)));
sw-&gt;SetAttribute("MaxForwardingLatency", TimeValue(MicroSeconds(5)));
n3-&gt;AddDevice(sw);
[...]
//Create 2 output port FIFOs for each netDevice.
for (int i=0; i&lt;2; i++){
Ptr&lt;DropTailQueue&lt;Packet&gt;&gt; q0 = CreateObject&lt;DropTailQueue&lt;Packet&gt;&gt;();
q0-&gt;SetAttribute("MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize("250p")));
net0-&gt;SetQueue(q0);
[...]
//Application description
//ES1 -&gt; ES3 with priority 1
Ptr&lt;EthernetGenerator&gt; app0 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetGenerator&gt;();
app0-&gt;Setup(net0);
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("Address", AddressValue(net2-&gt;GetAddress()));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("BurstSize", UintegerValue(2));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("PayloadSize", UintegerValue(1400));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("Period", TimeValue(Seconds(5)));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("InterFrame", TimeValue(MilliSeconds(20)));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("Jitter", TimeValue(MilliSeconds(50)));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("Offset", TimeValue(Seconds(1)));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("VlanID", UintegerValue(1));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("PCP", UintegerValue(1));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("DEI", UintegerValue(0));
[...]
</code></pre>
<h2 id="final-simulation-script"><a class="header" href="#final-simulation-script">Final simulation script</a></h2>
<p>Here is the simulation script you should have at the end of this chapter.</p>
<pre><code class="language-c++">#include "ns3/simulator.h"
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/node.h"
#include "ns3/drop-tail-queue.h"
#include "ns3/ethernet-net-device.h"
#include "ns3/ethernet-channel.h"
#include "ns3/switch-net-device.h"
#include "ns3/ethernet-generator.h"
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("Chapter 2");
//A callback to log the pkt emission
static void
MacTxCallback(std::string context, Ptr&lt;const Packet&gt; p)
{
NS_LOG_INFO((Simulator::Now()).As(Time::S) &lt;&lt; " \t" &lt;&lt; context &lt;&lt; " : Pkt #" &lt;&lt; p-&gt;GetUid() &lt;&lt; " sent!");
}
//A callback to log the pkt reception
static void
MacRxCallback(std::string context, Ptr&lt;const Packet&gt; p)
{
NS_LOG_INFO((Simulator::Now()).As(Time::S) &lt;&lt; " \t" &lt;&lt; context &lt;&lt; " : Pkt #" &lt;&lt; p-&gt;GetUid() &lt;&lt; " received!");
}
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
//Enable logging
LogComponentEnable("Chapter 2", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
//Create four nodes
Ptr&lt;Node&gt; n0 = CreateObject&lt;Node&gt;();
Names::Add("ES1", n0);
Ptr&lt;Node&gt; n1 = CreateObject&lt;Node&gt;();
Names::Add("ES2", n1);
Ptr&lt;Node&gt; n2 = CreateObject&lt;Node&gt;();
Names::Add("ES3", n2);
Ptr&lt;Node&gt; n3 = CreateObject&lt;Node&gt;();
Names::Add("SW", n3);
//Create and add a netDevice to each end-station node
Ptr&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt; net0 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt;();
net0-&gt;SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("100Mb/s")));
n0-&gt;AddDevice(net0);
Names::Add("ES1#01", net0);
Ptr&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt; net1 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt;();
net1-&gt;SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("100Mb/s")));
n1-&gt;AddDevice(net1);
Names::Add("ES2#01", net1);
Ptr&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt; net2 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt;();
net2-&gt;SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("100Mb/s")));
n2-&gt;AddDevice(net2);
Names::Add("ES3#01", net2);
//Create and add a netDevice to each switch port
Ptr&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt; swnet0 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt;();
swnet0-&gt;SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("100Mb/s")));
n3-&gt;AddDevice(swnet0);
Names::Add("SW#01", swnet0);
Ptr&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt; swnet1 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt;();
swnet1-&gt;SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("100Mb/s")));
n3-&gt;AddDevice(swnet1);
Names::Add("SW#02", swnet1);
Ptr&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt; swnet2 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetNetDevice&gt;();
swnet2-&gt;SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("100Mb/s")));
n3-&gt;AddDevice(swnet2);
Names::Add("SW#03", swnet2);
//Create Ethernet Channels and connect switch to the end-stations
Ptr&lt;EthernetChannel&gt; channel0 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetChannel&gt;();
channel0-&gt;SetAttribute("Delay", TimeValue(NanoSeconds(50)));
net0-&gt;Attach(channel0);
swnet0-&gt;Attach(channel0);
Ptr&lt;EthernetChannel&gt; channel1 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetChannel&gt;();
channel1-&gt;SetAttribute("Delay", TimeValue(NanoSeconds(75)));
net1-&gt;Attach(channel1);
swnet1-&gt;Attach(channel1);
Ptr&lt;EthernetChannel&gt; channel2 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetChannel&gt;();
channel2-&gt;SetAttribute("Delay", TimeValue(NanoSeconds(100)));
net2-&gt;Attach(channel2);
swnet2-&gt;Attach(channel2);
//Create and add a switch net device to the switch node
Ptr&lt;SwitchNetDevice&gt; sw = CreateObject&lt;SwitchNetDevice&gt;();
sw-&gt;SetAttribute("MinForwardingLatency", TimeValue(MicroSeconds(2)));
sw-&gt;SetAttribute("MaxForwardingLatency", TimeValue(MicroSeconds(5)));
n3-&gt;AddDevice(sw);
sw-&gt;AddSwitchPort(swnet0);
sw-&gt;AddSwitchPort(swnet1);
sw-&gt;AddSwitchPort(swnet2);
//Allocate Mac addresses to the netDevices
net0-&gt;SetAddress(Mac48Address::Allocate());
net1-&gt;SetAddress(Mac48Address::Allocate());
net2-&gt;SetAddress(Mac48Address::Allocate());
sw-&gt;SetAddress(Mac48Address::Allocate());
//Create 2 output port FIFOs for each netDevice.
for (int i=0; i&lt;2; i++){
net0-&gt;SetQueue(CreateObject&lt;DropTailQueue&lt;Packet&gt;&gt;());
net1-&gt;SetQueue(CreateObject&lt;DropTailQueue&lt;Packet&gt;&gt;());
net2-&gt;SetQueue(CreateObject&lt;DropTailQueue&lt;Packet&gt;&gt;());
swnet0-&gt;SetQueue(CreateObject&lt;DropTailQueue&lt;Packet&gt;&gt;());
swnet1-&gt;SetQueue(CreateObject&lt;DropTailQueue&lt;Packet&gt;&gt;());
swnet2-&gt;SetQueue(CreateObject&lt;DropTailQueue&lt;Packet&gt;&gt;());
}
//Add a forwarding table entry
sw-&gt;AddForwardingTableEntry(Mac48Address::ConvertFrom(net2-&gt;GetAddress()), 1, {swnet2});
//Application description
//ES1 -&gt; ES3 with priority 1
Ptr&lt;EthernetGenerator&gt; app0 = CreateObject&lt;EthernetGenerator&gt;();
app0-&gt;Setup(net0);
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("Address", AddressValue(net2-&gt;GetAddress()));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("BurstSize", UintegerValue(2));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("PayloadSize", UintegerValue(1400));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("Period", TimeValue(Seconds(5)));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("InterFrame", TimeValue(MilliSeconds(20)));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("Jitter", TimeValue(MilliSeconds(50)));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("Offset", TimeValue(Seconds(1)));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("VlanID", UintegerValue(1));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("PCP", UintegerValue(1));
app0-&gt;SetAttribute("DEI", UintegerValue(0));
n0-&gt;AddApplication(app0);
app0-&gt;SetStartTime(Seconds(0));
app0-&gt;SetStopTime(Seconds(10));
//Callback declarations
//Callback to display the packet sent log
std::string context = Names::FindName(n0) + ":" + Names::FindName(net0);
net0-&gt;TraceConnectWithoutContext("MacTx", MakeBoundCallback(&amp;MacTxCallback, context));
//Callback to display the packet received log
context = Names::FindName(n2) + ":" + Names::FindName(net2);
net2-&gt;TraceConnectWithoutContext("MacRx", MakeBoundCallback(&amp;MacRxCallback, context));
//Execute the simulation
NS_LOG_INFO("Start of the simulation");
Simulator::Stop(Seconds(10));
Simulator::Run();
Simulator::Destroy();
NS_LOG_INFO("End of the simulation");
return 0;
}
</code></pre>
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